类IXV飞行器初期再入制导与姿态控制方法研究

摘要： 针对类IXV飞行器无翼式升力体构型及采用RCS/尾襟翼组合控制特点，研究其初期再入段的高精度制导与姿态控制方法.设计带过程约束的数值预测 校正制导律以提高制导系统的鲁棒性及精确性；根据其执行机构配置特点，设计基于RCS的航向控制律及基于RCS/气动舵的纵、横向复合控制律，并采用鲁棒伺服LQR技术进行控制参数快速设计.通过蒙特卡洛打靶仿真来验证算法的精度及鲁棒性.     

涡轮基组合循环发动机分布式控制系统通信网络混合拓扑结构优化方法

涡轮机组合循环(Turbine based combined cycle,TBCC)发动机控制系统通信网络拓扑结构是其分布式控制系统方案设计的重要部分,优化网络拓扑结构可提高发动机推重比和控制系统可靠性。本文基于智能优化算法提出TBCC分布式控制系统网络拓扑结构优化方法。基于图论建立TBCC几何模型和网格模型,以重量和可靠性为优化性能指标,同时考虑发动机表面高温区域以及控制节点的工作可靠性,分别采用粒子群算法和遗传算法优化星形结构中智能中央节点位置、中央节点的环形拓扑结构,获得星形-环形混合拓扑结构。仿真实例表明,基于本文方法优化所得的混合拓扑结构相较于星形集中式控制结构,系统重量降低了51.9%。     

A comparative study of ionospheric IRIEup and ISP assimilative models during some intense and severe geomagnetic storms

Three-dimensional (3-D) electron density matrices, computed in the Mediterranean area by the IRI climatological model and IRIEup and ISP nowcasting models, during some intense and severe geomagnetic-ionospheric storms, were ingested by the ray tracing software tool IONORT, to synthesize quasi-vertical ionograms. IRIEup model was run in different operational modes: (1) assimilating validated autoscaled electron density profiles only from a limited area which, in our case, is the Mediterranean sector (IRIEup_re(V) mode); (2) assimilating electron density profiles from a larger region including several stations spread across Europe: (a) without taking care of validating the autoscaled data in the assimilation process (IRIEup(NV)); (b) validating carefully the autoscaled electron density profiles before their assimilation (IRIEup(V)).The comparative analysis was carried out comparing IRI, IRIEup_re(V), ISP, IRIEup(NV), and IRIEup(V) foF2 synthesized values, with corresponding foF2 measurements autoscaled by ARTIST, and then validated, at the truth sites of Roquetes (40.80°N, 0.50°E, Spain), San Vito (40.60°N, 17.80°E, Italy), Athens (38.00°N, 23.50°E, Greece), and Nicosia, (35.03°N, 33.16°E, Cyprus). The outcomes demonstrate that: (1) IRIEup_re(V), performs better than ISP in the western Mediterranean (around Roquetes); (2) ISP performs slightly better than IRIEup_re(V) in the central part of Mediterranean (around Athens and San Vito); (3) ISP performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one in the eastern Mediterranean (around Nicosia); (4) IRIEup(NV) performance is worse than the IRIEup(V) one; (5) in the central Mediterranean area, IRIEup(V) performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one, and it is practically the same for the western and eastern sectors.Concerning the overall performance, nowcasting models proved to be considerably more reliable than the climatological IRI model to represent the ionosphere behaviour during geomagnetic-ionospheric storm conditions; ISP and IRIEup(V) provided the best performance, but neither of them has clearly prevailed over the other one.     

热防护系统损伤容限分析

建立了含初始矩形损伤的热防护系统(Thermal protection system,TPS)气动热分析的CFD数值模型,分析结果表明损伤区域侧壁出现了很高的热流密度峰值,并且迎风面侧壁峰值高于背风面,而损伤区域底部热流密度却很低。利用分析获得的热流密度建立了含损伤和无损伤TPS的有限元传热分析模型。分析结果表明:损伤的存在导致防热瓦最高温度急剧上升,超过其材料能承受的极限温度(1 500℃),防热瓦首先失效,而损伤对机体最高温度影响较小。最后进行了TPS损伤容限分析,在防热瓦极限温度约束下,外部热流密度最大值从100kW/m2增加到140kW/m2,矩形损伤宽度最大容许值从22.7mm减小到12.6mm,而弧形损伤宽度最大容许值从34.6mm减小到25.1mm,即随着外部热流密度最大值增加,损伤宽度的最大容许值降低,并且相同外部热流密度水平下弧形损伤宽度的最大容许值大于矩形损伤。     

基于避障伪距离的自由漂浮空间机器人规划跟踪一体化控制

针对自由漂浮空间机器人(Free Floating Space Robot,FFSR)的避障规划与控制问题，提出一种FFSR的避障规划-跟踪一体化控制方法。首先，基于障碍物伪距离技术，采用FFSR逆几何模型求解期望末端位姿下的连杆伪距离估计值，进而通过求解非线性优化问题，获得FFSR避障期望轨迹。其次，将全局轨迹规划与局部在线避障相结合，辅以离散状态黎卡提方程（DSDRE）控制方法实现FFSR的避障规划-跟踪一体化控制。最后，采用6R空间机器人模型验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明，该方法能够实现FFSR的避障控制，有效克服了传统FFSR控制中末端轨迹规划与控制相分离的问题，提高了FFSR的环境适应性。     

Direction finding for two-dimensional incoherently distributed sources with Hadamard shift invariance in non-uniform orthogonal arrays

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for Two-Dimensional (2D) central Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation of incoherently distributed sources. In particular, an orthogonal array structure consisting of two Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NLAs) is considered. Based on first-order Taylor series approximation, the Generalized Array Manifold (GAM) model can first be established to separate the central DOAs from the original array manifold. Then, the Hadamard rotational invariance relationships inside the GAMs of two NLAs are identified. With the aid of such relationships, the central elevation and azimuth DOAs can be estimated through a search-free polynomial rooting method. Additionally, a simple parameter pairing of the estimated 2D angular parameters is also accomplished via the Hadamard rotational invariance relationship inside the GAM of the whole array. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a remarkably higher precision at less complexity increment compared with the existing low-complexity methods, which benefits from the larger array aperture of the NLAs. Moreover, it requires no priori information about the angular distributed function.     

Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

高温存储对Sn-Pb-Ni凸点界面金属间化合物生长的影响

倒装焊工艺由于具有信号处理速度快、封装密度高、可靠性高等特点，已广泛应用于高密度集成电路封装工艺中。高可靠倒装焊器件的互连焊点通常采用10Sn90Pb等高铅焊料，该焊料具有剪切强度高、可靠性高等优点，但其熔点高、回流工艺窗口窄等特性给封装工艺带来一定难度，此外该焊料在高温存储环境的可靠性有待进一步提高。本文采用Ni元素对10Sn90Pb焊料进行改性，研究高温存储下Sn-Pb-Ni体系凸点的力学性能以及金属间化合物（Intermetallic compound,IMC）的生长演变规律，以此评估Ni元素对10Sn90Pb凸点可靠性的影响。主要结果如下：适量添加Ni元素可以细化10Sn90Pb焊点界面处IMC晶粒，降低高温存储条件下的IMC生长速度，但在一定程度上会降低凸点的剪切强度。0.05%~0.1%含量的Ni元素添加对10Sn90Pb凸点综合性能提升较为显著。     

基于改进粒子群优化模糊控制的MPPT算法研究

在光照强度和温度变化时,常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法难以快速准确地跟踪光伏系统最大功率点。针对此问题,设计了一种改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)的模糊控制器。首先,依据常规MPPT特性,设计了一种带调整因子的模糊控制算法以快速收敛到最大功率点；然后,采用参数自适应PSO对设计的模糊控制器调整因子进行动态优化。仿真结果表明:所设计的参数自适应PSO优化模糊控制器能快速准确地跟踪最大功率点,保证了MPPT的动态响应速度和稳态精度,提高了光伏系统的工作效率。     

战术导弹中小型固体发动机技术的发展

通过对战术导弹中小型固体发动机具体发展需求的分析,明确了高能化、轻质化、可控化和低易损4个主要的中小型固体发动机发展方向。可以从提高推进剂黏合剂密度和燃烧室工作压强来实现高能化;采用轻质高性能金属壳体、纤维缠绕复合材料壳体以及提高绝热层性能以实现轻质化;可控化需要在高功率密度的驱动装置、高精度的控制算法等方面获得突破和支撑;低易损则可以从钝感推进剂、主动扩稳、防护材料等途径开展工作。通过对这4个技术方向上国内外研究现状和发展趋势进行梳理,明确提出未来研究需要突破推进剂和热防护原材料、新型装药工艺、可调燃气阀门、压力闭环控制和有效扩稳等关键技术,加速工程化进程,为我国战术导弹的跨越式发展提供支撑。